Alice Springs in WWII

In 1939, Alice Springs was a small, tight-knit community of less than a thousand people whose livelihoods depended upon supplying the outlying pastoral industry.

As part of the Army’s requirement for an overland supply route to Darwin, the Australian Government allocated funds in 1939 for upgrading the Overland Telegraph track into a gravel, all-weather road from Tennant Creek all the way to Larrimah. Work was begun in September 1940 and undertaken by construction teams from Victoria, Queensland and New South Wales. The first troop carrying convoy was dispatched from Alice Springs in early 1941.

Although a state of war existed from 3 September 1939, it was not until a year later that an advanced party of military personnel arrived to prepare a camp for the Darwin Overland Maintenance Force (DOMF) in Alice Springs. The camp was set up at the foot of Anzac Hill in a tent city. Within a week the unit’s 14 officers and 600 other ranks had arrived with 150, 3-tonne trucks. The East Side area around Spencer Hill became the location of the Spencer Hill Military Camps including the 121 and 119 Australian General Transport Company. Seven-Mile Aerodrome became a staging post for flights heading northward.

The Army troops residency in Alice Springs — The Residency – now a museum

Adelaide house that offered health services and hospitality in Alice Springs — Adelaide House is now heritage-listed

More permanent buildings soon appeared, including Sidney Williams huts, two if which were used as Regimental Aid Post and Dental Clinic. At its peak the DOMF comprised some 8,000, mostly Australian, troops and 3,000 trucks. Edgar Lather was an American journalist who travelled with the Maintenance Force in 1941.

Alice Springs became the administrative centre of the Territory and its de facto capital in March 1942 when the Territory’s administrator Charles Abbott and his administration were moved from Darwin. The same year, Alan Smith found himself in Alice Springs as one of the convoy officers responsible for getting supplies through to Darwin.

The Army railhead, central troop reserve and arsenal for the North were all centered at Alice Springs. Thousands of men, staged through the town and onto Darwin to stiffen the northern defences, and later taking the fight to the enemy in occupied territory. Charles Rye was a civilian in Alice Springs in 1942 and remembers life alongside the service personnel in the town.

Audio:Charles Rye, civilian

View transcript

Actually, in this town, despite the fact that it was a thousand miles from anywhere, you might say, we had a blackout. No street lights, no lights at the windows, all blinds drawn and what have you. And you went outside, and it was total darkness, apart from any moonlight.

On one evening, I was staying at the Stuart Arms and I could hear a drum beating. So we were playing cards in one of the lounges inside, and we went out and there was a parade of soldiers beating a drum and shouting “we want leave”, “we want leave”. And they were throwing stones on the roofs and on the windows, and it was a near riot. And of course, the whole camp was closed the next day, everybody confined to barracks. And eventually the brigadier had a big assembly on the Anzac Oval and told the troops that he appreciated their worries about not getting any leave at all, but probably told them that there were other guys overseas fighting for their lives.

Troops were coming and going all the time, but there was a base team of mechanics and administrative staff and stores people. And then there were two picture theatres here, plus the army theatre, and you could see a different show every night of the week including Sundays. And the army theatre was at the back of Anzac Hill. And when the lights had gone out and the movies started, some of us civvies used to sneak up and sit on the rocks up there and watch the movies. And a bench was made out of mulga posts and bits of three-by-two, but down near the front where the screen was, there was a big row of steamer chairs for the nurses and the officers to sit down there.

By mid-1942, the North-South road had begun to disintegrate under the relentless pounding of military transport columns. In 1942 work began to rebuild, and reseal the road. The sealed road was named the Stuart Highway. In a letter home a young solider from New South Wales reflected on his arrival in Alice Springs and the road he saw on his journey north.

Adelaide house soon after opening in Alice Springs — Adelaide House soon after opening in 1926

After the war the former Sidney Williams huts were taken over by a local theatre group in 1964 under the name of the Totem Theatre, and the site of the former military camp is now Anzac Oval.

Keep exploring

Sidney Williams Huts

If there’s one structure that epitomises the extent of military activities in the Territory during World War II it is the Sidney Williams hut – or ‘Comet’ brand hut – that was home to thousands of Australian and Allied servicemen from the late 1930s when the defence build-up in the north became more urgent.

Darwin’s role in World War II hits home

For the past nine months, they’ve travelled 35,000km aboard their chariot, a gleaming white Fiat Ducato with an Avan Ovation home on the back. Paula calls it the ‘Hilton’ with a cheeky smile and says the best thing about it is climbing in the cabin and having a wonderful sense of freedom without a worry in the world.

Adelaide River in WWII

As the Stuart Highway pushes toward Darwin, the now quiet townships of Adelaide River and Batchelor still show signs of the intense wartime activity in the region. Adelaide River became a major Australian and American centre of operations, crucial to the infrastructure needed to fight the war in the North.

Target Darwin

In a speech given on 17 February 1942 Prime Minister Curtin called the fall of Singapore “Australia’s Dunkirk”; 2 days later, mainland Australia was attacked for the first time.